Documentation Citing Sources in the Text

Documentation Citing Sources in the Text

6.1. Parenthetical documentation and the list of works cited:

Usually the author’s last name and a page reference are enough to identify the source and the specific location from which you borrowed material.

6.2. Information Required In Parenthetical Documentation:

If the list contain more than one work by the author, add the cited title, shortened or in full, after the author’s last name.

6.3. Readability:

Keep parenthetical references as brief –and as few –as clarity and accuracy permit.

To avoid interrupting the flow of your writing, place the parenthetical reference where a pause would naturally occur (preferably at the end of a sentence), as near as possible to the material documented. The parenthetical reference precedes the punctuation mark that concludes the sentence, clause, or phrase containing the borrowed material.

6.5. Using Notes with Parenthetical Documentation:

Two kinds of notes may be used with parenthetical documentation:

*content notes offering the reader comment, explanation, or information that the text cannot accommodate.

*bibliographic notes containing either several sources or evaluative comments on sources.

6.5.1. Content Notes:

In your notes, avoid lengthy discussions that divert the reader’s attention from the primary text.

7 Abbreviations

7.1. Introduction :

Abbreviation are used regularly in the list of works cited and in tables but rarely in the text of a research paper (except within parentheses ). In choosing abbreviation , keep your audience in mind . While economy of space is important , clarity is more so. Spell out a term if the abbreviation may puzzle your readers.

When abbreviating , always  use accepted forms.

-the trend in abbreviation is to use neither periods after letters nor spaces between letters , especially for abbreviations made up of all capital letters.

-most abbreviations that end in lowercase letters are followed by periods.

        Assn.                                               fig.                                                       Mex.               Eng.                                              introd.                                                  prod.

In most abbreviation made up of lowercase letters that each represent             a word , a period follows each letter, but no space intervenes between letters.

                               a.m.                                                               i.e.                                                                 e.g.                                                               n.p.    

7.2 Time Designations:

Spell out the names of months in the text but abbreviate them in the list of works cited , except for May, June ,And July .whereas words denoting units of time are also spelled out in the text (second , minute , week , month , year , century), sometime designations are used only in abbreviated form (a.m. , p.m., AD, BC, BCE, CE ).

MEANING	TIME DESIGNATION
After the birth of Christ (from the Latin anno Domini ‘in the year of the lord , used before numerals {‘AD14’} and after references to centuries {‘twelfth century AD’})	AD
Before noon (from the Latin ante meridiem)	a.m.
April	Apr.
August	Aug.
Before Christ (used after numerals{‘19BC’} and references to centuries {‘fifth century BC’})	BC
Before the common era (used after numerals and references to centuries )	BCE
Common era (used after numerals and references to centuries )	CE
century	cent.
December	Dec.
February	Feb.
Friday	Fri.
hour	hr.
January	Jan.
March	Mar.
Minute	min.
Month	mo.
Monday	Mon.
November	Nov.
October	Oct.
After noon (from the Latin post meridiem)	p.m.
Saturday	Sat.
Second	sec.
September	Sept.
Sunday	Sun.
Thursday	Thurs.
Tuesday	Tues.
Wednesday	Wed.
week	wk.
year	yr.