مشكلة وحلها بالانجليزي

مشكلة وحلها بالانجليزي

مشاكل وحلولها بالانجليزي

مشكلة وحل بالانجليزي

مشكله قصيره وحلها بالانجليزي

تعبير بالانجليزي عن مشكلة مع شخص

موضوع انجليزي عن problem solving

مشاكل الترجمة

تعبير عن مشكلة وحلها

قصة قصيرة عن مشكلة وحلها بالانجليزي

مشكله قصيره وحلها بالانجليزي    

تعبير عن مشكلة وحلها بالانجليزي

كتابة مشكلة وحلها بالانجليزي       

مشكلة وحلولها بالانجليزي   

تعبير عن مشكلة وحلها        

The causes of unemployment

The demographic explanation

The baby boom of the years 45-65 in France caused the increase of the population of working age. The 20-60 year old rose from 22.5 to 30 million people between 1950 and 1990!

The cultural explanation

Control of fertility (through contraception in particular) has allowed women to develop a professional activity. The number of assets has increased accordingly.

However, we must relativize the scope of these explanations; the United States has experienced and is still experiencing a much faster increase in its labor force, while maintaining a lower unemployment rate than in Europe. There is therefore no obvious correlation between unemployment and the increase in the labor force.

The economic explanation 

The increase in unemployment experienced by France between the 1970s and 1990s is linked primarily to the economic slowdown. The significantly lower growth in GDP * has led to a decrease in hirings.

* GDP = gross domestic product, that is: what is produced and sold by the French productive apparatus in one year.

A lasting reduction in the number of jobseekers (the unemployed) can not be achieved without a return to strong growth. This is what happened between 1995 and 2000: the unemployment rate went from 12.4 to 8% of French assets.

Since 2000, the growth rate of GDP is much lower, the French productive system creates fewer jobs than it destroys, the unemployment rate goes up: in 2005, it is 10%.

Problem   : if strong growth can be achieved by increasing the amount of machinery ("capital" or "capital" factor of production) and hiring ("labor" or "labor input" factor), it can also be obtained by improving the productivity of the factors of production (capital and labor), that is to say that we can produce more without necessarily hiring or even firing, and by buying more machines, we then say that there is substitution of Capital at Work (given upper).

Advanced technologies

(Computer science, robotics) are often described as "job killers" because, if they create other jobs, they do not do it in the same proportions ( they create fewer jobs ), and offer new types of jobs requiring specific qualifications (? workers who have lost their jobs may not have the necessary qualifications to be hired for the new posts).

In fact, this worrying reasoning must be relativized in the long term: indeed, technical progress makes it possible to maintain the dynamism of the economy, to face international competition, to find new outlets and thus to create jobs.

Solutions to fight unemployment and precariousness

There are many solutions to fight against unemployment and precariousness.   They are not necessarily all complementary but they are relevant in terms of human dignity and economic matters. Here are the main ones:

-Lower growth, essential for creating jobs . This will have to be done by an increase in the SMIC (to 1500/1600 € per month) and various allowances that will boost consumption and therefore growth and thus create jobs.

- Create public jobs   in the areas that need it most, such as Health and Education. This could create at least 100,000 jobs.

- Foster the creation of service jobs , more and more necessary in our society.

- Creation of a permanent right to employment and training, genuine professional security . Every citizen would thus have the right, throughout his life , to a decent income against a real commitment to training and looking for a new job.

- Value the CDI, make it a standard . Thus it would be necessary to tax and increase contributions on precarious jobs. On the contrary, lower the cost of permanent contracts.

- Reduce employer contributions based on wages   and take into account more of those based on value-added.

- Take into account the relationship between wages and value added for the establishment of contributions . The higher the share of wages will be larger and less contributions will be significant. On the contrary, the company that saves on wages and launches massively, will pay large contributions.

- Increase the budgets of Education and Research . Thus one could improve qualifications and their adaptations vis-à-vis the world of employment. It is also necessary to better recognize these qualifications throughout the professional career.

- Continue the sharing of working time : extend the 35h to businesses to companies with less than 20 employees or even establish the 30 / 32h weekly work.

- Give the means to SMEs and Very Small Enterprises, the ones that create the most jobs, to create more precisely   by drastically lowering their charges. On the contrary let us introduce a contribution on the financial incomes, exonerated until then.

- Foster more business creation             by the financial support of the State to all those who want to create one. Encourage in this context the creation of cooperatives.