تعبير انجليزي عن العراق

تعبير انجليزي عن العراق

انشاء عن حضارة العراق بالانجليزي

معلومات عن العراق بالانجليزي

كيف تكتب العراق بالانجليزي

كيف تكتب كلمة عراق بالانجليزي

بغداد بالانجليزي

paragraph about iraq

iraq map

العراق الوجهات

انشاء عن العراق باللغة الانكليزية | مواضيع باللغة الإنجليزية

انشاء عن دولة العراق انشاء عن العراق بالانجليزي قصير |

انشاء عن حضارة العراق بالانجليزي

معلومات عن العراق او عن تاريخ وحضارة وشعب العراق انشاء عن العراق الاول المتوسط

إنشاء إنكليزي-

معلومات عن العراق بالانجليزي

paragraph about iraq

انشاء عن حضارة العراق بالانجليزي

اسم العراق بالانجليزي

كيف تكتب كلمة عراق بالانجليزي

كيف تكتب العراق بالانجليزي

بغداد بالانجليزي

iraq map

العراق mawtini

ـ تعبير انجليزي عن iraq

انشاء عن حضارة العراق بالانجليزي

انشاء عن العراق باللغة الانكليزية

انشاء عن العراق بالانجليزي للصف الاول متوسط

انشاء عن العراق انكليزي مترجم

معلومات عن العراق بالانجليزي

انشاء عن العراق للصف الاول متوسط

انشاء باللغة الانجليزية عن بغداد

كيف تكتب العراق بالانجليزي

Iraq, in long form the Republic of Iraq , is a country of the Near East, located in the north of the Arabian peninsula. Iraq, a term that comes from the Persian Eraq and literally means "low land", is sometimes called Bilād ar-Rafidain, literally "the land of two rivers", referring to the Tigris and the Euphrates. Baghdad is the capital.

Covering an area of 435,052 km2, Iran is the neighboring country to the east, Jordan to the far west, Syria to the west, Kuwait to the south, Saudi Arabia to the southwest , and Turkey to the north. Iraq holds the fourth largest oil reserves, and is a member of OPEC.

Current Iraq covers much of Mesopotamia, the cradle of some of the oldest civilizations. It is on the banks of the Tigris, passing through Baghdad, that writing was born 5,000 years ago. In the Achaemenid, Parthian and Sassanid periods, the territory of Iraq, the Semitic empire of Babylon) became part of the Persian Empire, forming, shortly before its conquest by the Arabs (in the 3rd century by the Banu Lakhm tribe) and its Islamization, the Sassanid province of Khvarvaran.

This territory was long a part of the Ottoman Empire. It was occupied by the United Kingdom after the First World War and then placed under a mandate of the League of Nations. During the period of the British Mandate of Mesopotamia, the British occupant faced a violent insurrection in 1920. Proclaimed in 1921, the Kingdom of Iraq obtained its full independence in 1932. The monarchy lasted until 1958, then several governments succeeded each other by coups d'etat, with Iraq oscillating between Western and anti-Western antagonistic influences in the context of the Cold War. The Baath Party is gaining more and more importance, and it allows Saddam Hussein to come to power in 1979.

Since then, Iraq has experienced three deadly wars, bloody repressions including those of the Kurds and Shiites and more than ten years of embargo. Its regime, founded at the end of the 1960s by the Baath, was abolished by the invasion of the coalition led by the United States in 2003. This regime, despite its dictatorial character present in the majority of the States of the Middle -Orient, seems to have been popular among most Sunnis, traditionally nationalist, but minority among the Iraqi population. Since the invasion, Iraq has been de facto under the guardianship of the international coalition, the Kurds have gained autonomy from a region in the north of the country, secularism has disappeared and politics has been dominated by inter-communal clashes, punctuated by numerous attacks and the cause of the emigration of Christian minorities.

The government is currently headed by Haïder al-Abadi, heading a coalition dominated by the Shiite parties. In an effort to divide roles among the three main communities, the executive is divided between three people: President Fouad Massoum is Kurdish, Prime Minister is Shiite, and President of the Sunni parliament. Each of these heads is surrounded by two deputies, belonging to the other two communities. We note the decisive influence of two religious personalities from the Shiite community: Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani and Moqtada al-Sadr.

The country's economy quickly overcame the immediate consequences of the invasion and, after the total collapse of the invasion in 1991, was further aggravated by the embargo, a promising growth, despite the countless current difficulties with 17% of growth in 2005 and an estimate of 13% growth in 200630:

• $ 18.4 billion in gross domestic product and per capita income of $ 780 in 2002

• $ 25.7 billion of GDP in 2004, $ 949 per capita

• $ 29.3 billion of GDP in 2005

• ~ $ 47 billion in 2006 of GDP, $ 1,635 per capita.

• A projection of $ 71 billion of GDP in 2008 with an income of $ 2,319 per capita.

Google Traduction pour les entreprises :Google Kit du traducteurGadget Traduc

The number of private enterprises in Iraq rose from 8,000 in 2003 to 35,000 in 2006, although the unemployment rate has not changed significantly (more than half of Iraqis are either unemployed or underemployed ). An average of 60 companies is created each week31.

Oil is the main resource of this country, with production in November 2006 of 2.05 million barrels per day, despite insecurity. This country becomes the sixth largest producer in OPEC; in 2008 and production returned to its embargo time, with 2.4 million barrels per day in March 2008, and 2.9 million barrels per day by the end of this year32. Its reserves were estimated in 2004 to 115 billion barrels, suspect figures according to some specialists (see Peak oil). It thus ranks fourth after Saudi Arabia, Venezuela and Iran in terms of reserves. Then, the country took second place on the list of OPEC producers during the 2010 decade, behind Saudi Arabia, but ahead of Iran and the UAE.

Revenues from oil exports and foreign concessions totaled $ 41 billion in 2006.

Its population quickly and enthusiastically adopts modern communication techniques, also used by insurgents and terrorists (4.5 million fixed and mobile phone subscribers in August 2005 compared to 833,000 before the invasion, with 147,000 subscribers to the Internet in March 2005 compared with 4,500 in 2002, and 7.1 million mobile phones at the end of 2006).

There is still a huge gap between demand and electricity generation (5,000 megawatts produced for 9,200 demanded in 2006, 6,020 MW produced in May 200933) with the huge increase in electricity demand since 2003, when this production had practically fallen to zero as a result of the bombing, when it was 4,000 MW before the war.

Unemployment in 2006 is "officially" between 13.4 and 18% of the population, and underemployment affects another 30%; this would push a significant number of Iraqis to "work" more or less regularly for different armed groups, irrespective of their own political convictions (the permanent members of these armed groups would carry out virtually no military or terrorist actions by them "financial", leasing of weapons and the sale of ammunition being made by other, less "noble" networks, which could in some cases feed rival factions, which would make the detection and the dismantling of these extremely difficult networks, the exact importance of this "underground economy" is not known).

Demography

.

The population of Iraq at its creation in 1920 is estimated at 3 million inhabitants, the current estimates are 38 146 025 inhabitants in July 2016 according to the CIA factbook36. In 2009, the International Monetary Fund estimated its population at 31,234,00037.

• Arabs (88%) (Sunnis: 17%, Shiites: 77%, Christian minority)

• Kurds (11%, Sunni majority and Yezidi minority) 38

• Turkmen, Assyrians and others (1%)

A census was to take place in October 2009 (the first for 22 years) but was postponed to an unspecified later date39.

The number of Iraqis who left their country following the Iraq war (since 2003) is estimated at two million at the beginning of 200740 (1.8 million at the end of 200641).

Armenians, Assyrians, Baha'is, Bedouins, Chaldeans, Arab Christians, Circassians, Doms, Jews, Kaka'is, Kurds, Kurds Feylis, Mandéans, Palestinians, Romas, Sabaeans, Shabaks, Turkmen, Yezidis ...

religions

Iraq is a predominantly Muslim country. The Shiites are the largest community, mostly in the south and in the Sadr City area of Baghdad. The most important representative of the Shiite community is Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani, who has been particularly influential since the overthrow of Saddam Hussein's government.

Sunnis are present in the center (Baghdad region and Assyria), to which must be added more or less numerous Yezidi and Mendelist groups.

Christians (notably the Chaldean community), estimated at more than 1 million before 2003, have been the target of many persecutions, and two-thirds of them emigrated in the following decade43, with the trend continuing with the emergence of the Islamic State.

Culture

Iraqi culture is based on a large number of juxtapositions following the contributions of the various civilizations that have developed in Iraq (Sumerian, Assyrian, Nineveh and Muslim, not to mention the multiple influences Persian, Greek, Roman, Mongolian, Ottoman, European , etc.) as well as a mosaic of religions (Christian, Jewish, and Muslim, etc.).

In the course of its history, Iraq was an exceptional crossroads where many civilizations were created and met. This brought many overlapping cultural layers to this state.

Its culture is thus strongly imbued with this cultural mosaic. Nebuchadnezzar brought some form of monotheism. There are still Zoroastrians in Iraq, traces of the distant Persian presence. The Arabs brought the Muslim religion, & c.

Iraqi society has different levels of cultural, political, religious and clanic cleavages of great complexity, which it is essential to know in order to understand the evolution of the situation in this country.

Modern Iraq of the twentieth century was very productive intellectually and artistically: works by M'aruf al-Rusafi and Jabra Ibrahim Jabra, creation of the Fine Arts by Faiq Hassan in 1939, revolutionary works by the painter and sculptor Jawad Saleem, architectures modern Rifat Chadirji, Qahtan Madfai, Qahtan Awni, Jaafar Allawi, Midhat and Ali Madhloom. A crucible of modernism in the Middle East in the 1950s, Baghdad has attracted the greatest international architects and today it includes works by Walter Gropius, Gio Ponti, Werner March, Le Corbusier and Josep Lluís Sert. Baghdad is also the hometown of Iraqi-British architect Zaha Hadid, figure of the deconstructivist movement and first woman to win the Pritzker Prize in 200445,46,47,